Container Lifecycle & Management

# Run a container (pull + create + start)
docker run nginx

# Run in detached mode (background)
docker run -d nginx

# Run with a name
docker run -d --name my-web nginx

# Run with port mapping
docker run -d -p 8080:80 --name my-web nginx

# Run with environment variables
docker run -d \
  --name my-app \
  -e NODE_ENV=production \
  -e DB_HOST=localhost \
  -p 3000:3000 \
  myapp:latest

# Run interactively with a shell
docker run -it ubuntu bash
docker run -it node:20-alpine sh

# List running containers
docker ps

# List all containers (including stopped)
docker ps -a

# Stop a container gracefully (SIGTERM then SIGKILL)
docker stop my-web

# Start a stopped container
docker start my-web

# Restart a container
docker restart my-web

# Pause / Unpause
docker pause my-web
docker unpause my-web

# Kill a container immediately (SIGKILL)
docker kill my-web

# View container logs
docker logs my-web
docker logs -f my-web          # Follow logs (like tail -f)
docker logs --tail 50 my-web   # Last 50 lines

# Get detailed container info
docker inspect my-web

# Get specific info using Go templates
docker inspect --format='{{.State.Status}}' my-web
docker inspect --format='{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' my-web

# View resource usage (CPU, memory, I/O)
docker stats
docker stats my-web

# See running processes inside a container
docker top my-web

# Run a command inside a running container
docker exec my-web ls /usr/share/nginx/html

# Open an interactive shell
docker exec -it my-web bash
docker exec -it my-web sh

# Run a command as a specific user
docker exec -u root my-web whoami

# Copy files to/from a container
docker cp my-web:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ./nginx.conf
docker cp ./index.html my-web:/usr/share/nginx/html/

# Remove a stopped container
docker rm my-web

# Force remove a running container
docker rm -f my-web

# Remove all stopped containers
docker container prune

# Run a container that auto-removes on exit
docker run --rm -it ubuntu bash

# Limit memory
docker run -d --memory="512m" --name limited-app myapp

# Limit CPU
docker run -d --cpus="1.5" --name limited-app myapp

# Limit both
docker run -d \
  --memory="1g" \
  --cpus="2" \
  --name prod-app \
  myapp:latest

# Update limits on a running container
docker update --memory="1g" --cpus="2" my-app